Global Warming Science: www.appinsys.com/GlobalWarming
Bolivia
[last update: 2010/04/25]
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April 2010 Bolivia hosted the World People's Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth Bolivias president, Evo Morales, stated at the conference: How can we as human beings collectively end irrational industrialization and consumption to cease provoking irreparable harm to our environment? The conference on climate change wants US$300 billion in annual compensation from wealthy countries and global companies to deal with global warming effects.
See: http://www.appinsys.com/globalwarming/AGWSocialism.htm for details about the conference and sources for the above quotes.
Time magazine reported on the conference, perpetuating the myth that the developing world is going to suffer 75% of the effects of climate change. Since Bolivia is suffering the consequences of a sequence of conditions it did not cause, there's a debt to be paid [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1984064,00.html]
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Bolivia Temperatures
The following figure shows the average annual temperature anomalies for the six 5x5 degree grids covering most of Bolivia, for 1930 - 2009 (data from the Hadley / UEA Climatic Research Unit (HadCRU) 5x5 degree gridded data CRUTEM3 database, plotted at http://www.appinsys.com/GlobalWarming/climate.aspx)
The above figure shows that there is no significant warming in Bolivia.
The following figure shows daily temperature anomalies for La Paz/El Alto, 1995-2009, showing no warming over the last 15 years. [http://www.inesad.edu.bo/mmblog/mm_20090323.htm]
The following figure shows annual average temperature anomalies for La Paz/El Alto, 1920-2009, from the HadCRU database.
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Glaciers
The Time article cited previously also stated: The Andean nation's millenniums-old glaciers are melting down to bare rock because of global warming that the country's 9 million residents did little to create. Scientists in Bolivia say its ice masses have lost 50% of their volume in the past 40 years alone. But this goes beyond mourning the slow death of great natural beauty. These glaciers provide 20% of the drinking water for two of Bolivia's largest cities, La Paz and El Alto, as well the surrounding countryside.
The Chacaltaya glacier is one of the glaciers providing water to La Paz. The 1998 El Nino resulted in the permanent closing of the Chacaltaya ski resort. Glaciers have been decreasing since the end of the Little Ice Age in the 1800s. Unfortunately, observations of Chacaltaya were only recorded starting in 1940. It has since decreased by 90%.
A 2009 study Reconciling melting glaciers and falling temperatures in the Bolivian highlands [http://www.inesad.edu.bo/mmblog/mm_20090323.htm], states: All long-run monthly temperature series for the Bolivian highlands, including the La Paz/El Alto station, which is located near Chacaltaya, show cooling trends over the last six decades of about -0.2ΊC/decade. These observed negative temperature trends in the Bolivian highlands beg two questions: 1. How can the falling temperatures in the Bolivian highlands be reconciled with the visibly diminishing glaciers? And 2. Why are temperatures falling, when they are supposed to be increasing?
The study concludes: If the rapid melting of Chacaltaya since the mid 1970s were caused by increasing temperatures due to increased CO2 in the atmosphere, we would have observed increased night time temperatures, increased average temperatures, and increases in cloud cover and precipitation (that is what CO2 driven climate models would suggest). But instead we have observed decreasing cloud cover, decreasing average temperatures (likely the result of night time temperatures falling more than day time temperatures increased), and decreasing precipitation, all of which conspired to melt the glacier. The observed evidence from Chacaltaya is thus inconsistent with the Anthropogenic Greenhouse Warming (AGW) theory, or, at least, if there is an AGW signal, it is completely drowned by other climatic changes unrelated to AGW. It is ironic that the melting Chacaltaya glacier has become such an important symbol of the AGW theory, when in fact the evidence from Chacaltaya seems to refute this theory.
The following figure shows the Chacaltaya glacier on Google maps [Apr 25, 2010].
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